27 Şubat 2021 Cumartesi

TNT History Archives: Ottoman Journalist's Exile on Rhodes & Arrest by Secret Police in Istanbul 20 Years Later/Part 2-8

 //Ed. note: Minister for Public Security Nazım Paşa
finally reveals the reason for Ebüzziya Tevfik's
arrest - a diabolical "jurnal" sent to the Sultan to
get him jailed or exiled so a lawyer could reap
a court award in Egypt intended for Ebüzziya 
Tevfik.//














                                   Learning the Reason for My Arrest

It was now five-thirty and sunset was advancing so the document 
examination was halted.  Muharrem Efendi, Fuad Bay and a senior 
policeman named Mehmed Ali Efendi locked the door and gave the 
key to the head policeman as they left.  Only myself, the Minister 
and Hüseyin Daim Bey remained at the residence and we all went to 
the garden for a break.

I was impatient to bring up the subject of the reason for my arrest and 
search but thought better of it, given the Minister’s vague response to 
this question earlier in the day.  However, the Minister seemed to have 
that look on his face that people have when they are inclined to reveal 
a secret.  I was confused.  Yet, I got the strong impression that the 
Minister was waiting for me to ask.  At this point, Hüseyin Daim Bey, 
who was quite a bright young man and knew the Minister’s temperament 
well, broached the question himself to Nazım Paşa, perhaps based on a 
prearranged signal between the two of them but unknown to me.  He 
said: “Why don’t you tell him the reason for his arrest.  He’s probably 
very curious.”  I, though, pretended to be indifferent about it and said I 
wasn’t at all curious because during the day they had assured me that I 
would be told.   Now, I was concerned that I would be upset when I 
found out and I didn’t want to spoil the bonhomie among us as we sat 
in the garden.  The examination of my documents would conclude 
tomorrow, anyway.

However, Hüseyin Daim Bey explained that while the examination 
would finish here tomorrow, on Friday they would look at the papers in 
my print shop, which he said were the most important ones.  This 
surprised me because since I always expected that both my home and 
my print shop were likely to be searched at some point, I would never 
leave anything that needed safekeeping at either place.  I added that it 
would have been better for them to have searched the print shop first.  
That way this travail could have been ended sooner. 

At this point, Nazım Paşa broke his silence and said to me: “Have you 
seen Gergur Efendi lately?”  In response, I said: “Yes! A week before I 
was arrested he came to my print shop in the morning.  I had asked him 
the day before to come in connection with a matter in Egypt.  In this 
regard, I had filed a motion with the “Mixed Tribunal” there concerning 
money owed to me by Prince İbrahim Paşa.  Since a quarter of the 
Prince’s salary had been deducted by the court, I was obliged to either 
personally or through an appointed surrogate file a proof with the court 
by the 24th of October, through the good offices of our Justice Ministry.  
Since Gergur Efendi knows both Arabic and French I invited him to do 
the job.  We agreed on a fee and went to Beyoğlu together to see 
Abduallah Nama Efendi, a notary.  We took care of the necessary 
paperwork and then went to a nearby beerhouse for lunch.”

Minister: “did you talk about anything else?”

Me: “No! We just discussed the details of this matter of mine.  We 
talked about nothing else.”

Minister: “Did you show him documents at the print shop related to 
this matter?  In other words, might Gergur Efendi have seen some 
other documents in the print shop while he was there?”

 Me: “A year ago I had sent my son to Egypt for a vacation and I had 
him take all the relevant documents to the Prince at that time.  The case 
is built on these documents so they all went to the ‘Mixed Tribunal’.  
There wasn’t anything else left to show to Gergur Efendi.”

 Minister: So you didn’t show him any documents or letters?

Me: As I have said, there was nothing to show him.

Minister:  At that time, you didn’t open any drawers or document 
cabinets containing things he could see?

Me: No, while Gergur was there I did not touch any drawer or 
cabinets containing my documents.

Minister: I find that strange!

Me. Why?

Minister: You opened a drawer and showed him correspondence 
between you and a mischevous group from Cebel-i Lübnan 
((Lebanon)) now in London.  There were about twenty letters.  
This mischevous group is going to publish a newspaper in Arabic 
and Turkish that they have established with 80,000 liras of capital.  
You were going to transcribe the letters in texts and send them back 
to the group.  You are their singular correspondant here and they 
opened a 2,000 lira line of credit in your name.  You were responsible 
for obtaining the requisite letter-types and printing equipment for the 
group. 

This is the summary of the “journal” ((incriminating letter)) about you, 
the author of which stipulated that he will not meet face to face with you.  
He assured us that “if his home and print shop are raided immediately, 
then you will find these documents.”  Right away I judged this to be an 
invention, because there is no indication that there is any connection 
between you and this Lebanese group that has gone to Europe.  
Secondly, even if some group wanted to obtain letter-type for a 
publication in London they wouldn’t need to get this printing 
equipment from you, since such equipment is readily available in 
London. 

When I read the memorandum with this attached “journal” about the 
need to raid your home and print shop for documents, I was not at all 
concerned.  But I couldn’t figure out the writer’s motive, although there 
certainly must be one.  It seems to me that the payoff for the writer  
must be quite substantial, not just a promotion in rank or a medal of 
some sort.  Otherwise, he wouldn’t have made such eye-catching, albeit 
bizarre, slanders about you. 

Me: (As the Minister was speaking I realized what the “journal” writer’s 
motive was and said): One must really look at Gergur’s “journal” with a 
devilish eye, because he was going to get 770 lira from me anyway.  I am 
owed 400 English lira by Prince İbrahim and another 370 English lira in 
accumulated interest since I filed the lawsuit.  I signed an agreement 
with Gergur whereby he would represent me in the court and get 170 lira 
of this money.  The agreement is in my wallet, which the head policeman 
took from me yesterday.

With this “journal” of his, Gergur wanted to get me arrested and, 
knowing that no such incriminating documents would be discovered, he 
figured that the Sultan would nevertheless be quite suspicious and anxious 
about me and have me either jailed here or exiled.  Then, on the 24th of 
October at the “Mixed Tribunal” court hearing in Egypt, as my 
representative he would take the money awarded to me by the court.  
After remaining in Egypt for a while to make sure that Iwas out of the 
picture, he would comfortably deposit the money for himself.  If I was 
somehow rescued from my jailing or exile, he would feed me a story and 
give me half of the money.  This is why he wrote the “journal”. 

I am grateful to you for telling me about this.  I’ll be able to get a good 
night’s sleep tonight and first thing in the morning I’ll void my agreement 
with Gergur for him to act as my representative.  In his place I’ll appoint 
Mr. Cartondubyar.  He is the lawyer for Princess Nazılı, who prompted 
me to file the lawsuit in the first place.   Also in the morning, I will write 
a memorandum to you about all of this, stating that this whole affair must 
be judged as an invention or Gergur. 

Minister:  Good for you! I have no doubt that this scoundrel embarked 
on this adventure with this aim in his mind.  But let’s not let Hüseyin 
Hüsnü Efedini know about any of this.

Me: You can be sure of that.  I don’t want to betray your trust nor do I 
want to get myself into trouble.

At the end of this discussion, which lasted for about an hour, the 
Minister told me that he had had a bedroom made ready for me in the 
residence.  After he departed for his harem, Hüseyin Daim and I went 
to eat in the dining room.  The next morning, as soon as I woke up I 
wrote the memorandum and gave it to the Minister when he emerged 
from the harem.   

Right away, he had his aide take the memorandum to the “Mabeyin” 
((Sultan’s private apartments)) because for a person like myself who 
had been arrested by an “irade-i seniye” ((Sultan’s decree)), voiding 
a representative agreement and appointing a new one in Egypt could 
invite suspicion, so this was certainly for my benefit. 

Two hours later a reply came with the words “no harm shall come to 
the law”, allowing me to appoint Mr. Cartondubyar as my new 
representative. So the same day I wrote a new power of attorney for 
Mr. Cartondubyar arranged via the Ministry of Justice and sent to the 
“Esteban Efendi Mansion”, after which Nazım Paşa had the requisite 
approvals obtained from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.  Next, Nazım 
Paşa’s aide took the memorandum I wrote to Gergur, voiding his 
power of attorney, to him at his residence at Gedik Paşa and the signed 
receipt was retuned to me.  

 //END of PART TWO, section eight//

 

26 Şubat 2021 Cuma

TNT History Archives: Ottoman Journalist's Exile on Rhodes & Arrest by Secret Police in Istanbul 20 Years Later/Part 2-7

 //Ed. note: Ebüzziya's interrogation about his papers
continues at the Minister's residence in the Kumkapı
neighborhood of Istanbul.//























1934 map of Kumkapı. Istanbul University-Beyazit is the 
open white area at the top of the map. Sirkeci train station
and the Central Prison are to the east, off this map. 

Having said this, the head policeman explained that it was he who 
ordered these papers to be brought here:  “This mistake is my fault.  I 
told my fellows to go back to your house this morning to get the papers 
we didn’t have time to look at last night.  They must have thought I 
meant these papers.  In any event, we can enjoy looking at these 
beautiful pictures to give ourselves a break from the others.”   I could 
have counterattacked but to do so would be to give my collocutor more 
importance than he deserved. 

Certainly, he had ordered my arrest and the search of my documents for 
some reason he considered important, evidently to uncover political 
secrets.  Fortunately, though, at this juncture a messenger came to 
whisper something in the Minister’s ear.  The Minister then told me that 
my son Ziya had arrived and he ordered a break in the examination so 
we could chat, adding that “he ((Ziya)) would be distressed to come 
into this room and see all the documents scattered about.  Don’t say 
anything to him that would upset him!”

As we left the room my first intention was to introduce Ziya to the 
Minister.  Rather than as the Minister of Public Security, Nazım Paşa 
greeted my son warmly with the charm and grace that came naturally 
to him, saying: “Your father is like a big brother to me.  So don’t 
worry at all about him being a guest here right now.”  In response, 
Ziya said: “Thank you for your kind words.  But my father ought to 
be with his family and we don’t see any difference between him 
being the state’s guest and a prisoner in jail.  When someone is 
deprived of his freedom, a palace and a dungeon are the same to him.”   
 
I observed my son’s face as he said these words to the Minister and I 
could tell his emotions were running high, as I sensed his rage and 
hatred concerning my situation, which could only be expected.  Yet, 
I was pleased to see that he remained composed and did not expose 
his indignation.

In any case, the Minister excused himself so we could converse, 
although the rest of the group made sure to inch closer to us, hoping 
to overhear some secrets.  But we had nothing to hide so we spoke 
openly:   

 Ziya – how was your night?

Me – I spent it at war with the fleas and rats of the Central Prison.  
And there were also the anguished cries of a insane person for part 
of the time.

Ziya – Wow!  You were in jail overnight?

Me – Why are you so surprised? Wasn’t it you who just told the 
Minister that my being a guest and a prisoner were the same thing? 

Ziya –  No, that’s not why I’m surprised.  I’m amazed that the Minister 
would treat me like a child with this guest fairy tale, after having you 
sleep in the prison.  I know you better than that.  After all, I spent 
nights with you in the dungeon when I was three-years-old.

Me – The Minister wasn’t referring to last night but rather to my current 
situation.  He couldn’t bring himself to say that I’d spent last night in jail.  
Anyway, have the women of the family heard about this?

Ziya –  Of course! In the morning, five or six policemen came to search 
the house in Makriköy ((Bakırköy)). 

Me – perhaps they wanted to do even more damage to the house than 
the earthquake did.  I wish you’d had them remove some of the 
earthquake debris from the upper floor while they were there so they 
wouldn’t have wasted the visit.  What were they looking for  there?

Ziya – The same things they were looking for at Aya Stefanos.

Me – Did they find what they were looking for?

Ziya -  Let me tell you a funny story.  I got the key to your clothes 
closet from my mother and took it to them at Aya Stefanos.  We opened 
the closet and there were Kemal Bey’s letters that you had wrapped in a 
white cloth and put in the closet after we moved them from the other 
house because of the earthquake damage.    A Jewish policeman (1) 
who was looking through your clothes was overjoyed to find these 
letters, thinking that they must be quite important and filled with 
mischief to have been tucked away in the closet like this. 

(      (1) How strange is it that wherever I am a Jew appears!

 

Me – As far as I’m concerned, those letters will disappoint them because 
Kemal’s letters were examined 14 years ago and returned to me then.  In 
fact, the Minister who is now charged with my arrest and interrogation 
was questioned about them at that time. (1)

As we were engaged in this conversation, a waiter brought a tray of tea 
and the Minister returned to the room.  There was still no mention of the 
reason for my arrest and, in fact, they cautioned Ziya not to bring it up.  
Ziya, however, found this recommendation quite strange and said to the 
Minister:

If you want to keep my father’s arrest a secret I suggest that you chastise 
your officials in this regard.  Because since they conducted themselves 
with such pomp and circumstance, there was no one in Aya Stefanos this 
morning who hadn’t heard about it.  In fact, on the train coming here 
today Mr. Marnich, the interpreter at the English embassy, the lawyer 
Mr. Pederelli and maritime official Mr. Dupaliyari asked me about my 
father being taken aboard the freight train last night, together with sacks 
of documents.  They even knew that my father had a chair brought from 
the station coffeehouse for himself to sit on on the freight train. 

     (1) These letters exceeded more than 500 pieces in a thick volume and 
related to our correspondence until his ((probably Namık Kemal, who 
died in 1888)) death.  In any event, Minister of Public Security Nazım Paşa 
deemed them irrelevant to my situation and had them sent to the Ministry.  
After that, though, they disappeared, to the dismay of everyone including 
Nazım Paşa.

 The Minister seemed to be irritated by this discussion and looked askance 
at those charged with arresting me. They, however, countered that they 
were performing their duty carefully and that they would be sure to avoid 
having the matter become gossip among the populace.  At that moment, I 
interjected that “for five or six policemen to come to the small hamlet of 
Aya Stefanos on the evening’s last train, together with a resident of the 
hamlet, and then even cautioning his son not to walk ahead, before 
searching the man’s home for four or five hours and having the man’s 
servant carry two sacks of documents back to the train station is the 
opposite of a cautious approach to the matter.  And then, to essentially 
commandeer a freight train by showing their police passes is not the way 
to prevent gossip from spreading.”

“This is the part I find most odd: if it is necessary to keep this matter 
concerning me close to the vest, that means that you agree that my 
arrest has been executed outside of judicial and legal treatments and 
that you are more concerned with avoiding publicity than the actual 
matter.  But the matter has indeed be exposed and since I am not an 
enemy of the state and have been treated unfairly I’m am not dismayed 
by this, but, rather, quite proud.  This praiseworthy affair ought to be 
broadcast rather than hidden.  Yet, you want my son to answer 
questions about where his father is and why he was arrested by saying 
‘he’s gone on holiday for a few days.’”

The head policeman took offense at my words and, consequently, 
spoke harshly toward me in accusatory tones, prolonging the 
discussion and seemingly wanting to “take it outside” because he was 
so worked up.  But the level-headed Minister took the opportunity to 
change the subject.  In any event, since evening was approaching Ziya 
began to get ready to leave.  Not knowing how long I would have to 
stay, I wanted to give Ziya some money for the family at home and the 
workers at the print shop.  So I put my hand into my pocket for my 
checkbook but it wasn’t there – yesterday on the train I had turned it 
over to the head policemen.  I then asked the Minister to give me my 
checkbook but he was taken aback and quickly said he did not have it.
 
Meanwhile, the head policeman remained silent. So I said to him “last 
evening you took my checkbook from me in order to give it to the 
Minister.  Didn’t you give it to him?”  Flustered, the head policeman 
claimed to have forgotten and took my checkbook out of his pocket.  
Being a stickler for police protocol, the head policeman offered the 
checkbook to the Minister, but Nazım Paşa was incensed by this 
development and angrily ordered the head policeman to give the 
checkbook to me.   I then wrote two checks for Ziya to take with 
him as he departed.

//END of PART TWO, section seven//

TNT History Archives: Ottoman Journalist's Exile on Rhodes & Arrest by Secret Police in Istanbul 20 Years Later/Part 2-6

 

         Return to the Minister’s Residence for Questioning

The warden had returned to visit me, so I told him about how I battled 
his rats and fleas until an hour before dawn.  He ordered some coffee for 
me and Mehmed Çavuş brought it to me.  We lit cigarettes and had a 
smoke together.  Then, telling me that a cart was waiting, I washed up, 
got dressed and went with him back to the Minister’s residence, which 
was even more beautiful in the daylight.  Entering the residence, the 
same eunuch from the night before ushered me into a room on the left 
side of the staircase.  There, the Minister gave me an especially warm 
and respectful welcome.   I had been acquainted with him since 
childhood because our fathers were friends, so this was somewhat of a 
reunion of old chums.  Yet, we had only seen each other once before as 
adults, when he was the subdivision governor of Beyoğlu and I was the 
head of the School of Industry, when we chatted for half an hour at a 
house in Vefa. 

I gauged that there were two reasons for his graciousness toward me, the 
first being our long acquaintance and the other being the seriousness of 
the charges that prompted my arrest.  I discounted the second one, 
because I knew I hadn’t done anything wrong.  I felt so at ease in this 
regard, that it was I who began the conversation, saying that I never 
thought I would be visiting him under circumstances like these and that 
I was certain he felt the same way.  Nevertheless, I said that I felt lucky 
to have the chance to see him after so long a time. 

I told him I was famished, not having eaten anything since the day before.  
In response, he said he had held off on eating until I arrived, so we made 
our way to the dining room on the ground floor, with a lovely view of the 
garden, which had a German-style design.  The combination of the 
handsome dining room, the garden and the food spread on the table was 
more than one could expect of the residence of the Minister of Public 
Security.  The European-style food, along with some national dishes, all 
prepared by a Turkish cook, made for a delightful meal.  It was quite 
evident that the standards of a Minister’s residence, so dependent on the 
occupant, were being held high by this one.  While on the road the 
Minister makes due with cold foods so he makes up for it when at his 
residence.

After our meal we had coffee together and he was quite gracious toward 
me.  I took the opportunity to ask him why I had been arrested and, in 
reply, he insisted that I was a guest, not a prisoner.  Countering, I said: 
“well, why am I a guest?”   The Minister sidestepped an answer, saying 
that once we looked at my papers the reason would become clear.  
Realizing that he was unwilling to go any further, I decided not to insist.  
I noted, though, that it would take at least three days to go through my 
papers because they were an accumulation of work since my youth.

In any event, the Minister said “let’s get started” and ordered the head 
policeman and his entourage to assemble in a nearby room.  The Minister 
and I entered the room and were met by the head policeman, a man 
named Muharrem Bey, fortyish and corpulent, with a light brown beard, 
and Fuad Bey, a young secretary in the Ministry, who wore the long 
beard as a requirement of his position.

One of the sacks with my papers was opened and mostly contained 
“prospectus” about nature.   The Minister began to personally examine 
these, which, of course, had no relation whatsover to the reason I was 
there.  Since most of the papers had German language written on them 
and the Minister did not know German, the only thing he could do 
was marvel at the beauty of them.   He was quite taken with the 
documents and handled them with great care, which increased my 
respect and admiration for him. 

Finally, after having been examined, these documents were put into 
cartons and removed, while the other fellows began to look at other 
documents, separating them into “important” and “ordinary” piles.  The 
“important” ones were put on the couch, while the “ordinary” ones 
were flung onto the floor.  The “important” pile was quite a bit larger 
than the other, prompting me to say to myself how unaware I was of the 
importance of my papers.  Muharrem Bey and Fuad Bey considered just 
about everything to be “important”, in much the same way that the night 
before Hüseyin Hüsnü Efendi and Hüseyin Daim Bey had been fixated 
on the candle-holder at my house in Aya Stefanos.  For example, now 
they were quite interested in papers I had finished writing and others 
that remained unfinished, like “The Manners of Dress” and “A 
Slanderer’s Fate”, concluding that these were somehow very significant.  
Hüseyin Efendi, in particular, being someone who seeks out a prize, felt 
that finding letters written to me would be a great success for him. 

 After the Minister finished looking at the nature “prospectus”, he began 
to look at my wallet, which I had turned over to the head policeman 
while on the train the night before.  In the wallet, there were two 
photographs belonging to my son  Ziya that he sent from “Falkin 
İştayen” ((?)), a copy of a picture of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in an 
Armenian outfit when he fled to Switzerland, a picture of Şenasi and a 
photograph of two women face-to-face.  In particular, the examiners 
focused on one of Ziya’s photographs related to “Falkin İştayen”  
because someone in the photo was wearing a “beret”.  In fact, the head 
policeman made sure to bring this particular photo to the Minister’s 
attention, but, even more than I, the Minister seemed to consider this 
trivial.  Nevertheless, since the Minister made no comment, the head 
policeman took this to mean that he needed to increase his efforts to get 
the Minister to focus on this photo, which the head policeman felt was 
very important.  Finally, after some hesistation and hemming and 
hawing, the head policeman said to the Minister: “isn’t the thing worn 
on the head in this picture strange?”,  in order to emphasize his 
concern about it.

At this point, I watched the Minister’s face carefully.  He wasn’t 
someone who suffers fools easily, being quite careful about his 
comments and confident in his own sagacity.  Nevertheless, however 
much a person is self-possessed he can provoked into losing his patience.  
Hüseyin Hüsnü Efendi was assisting the head policeman on this matter 
and, whereas I had known Hüseyin Hüsnü Efendi for just 24 hours, the 
Minister had been exposed to his ignorance for five years.  So I have a 
feeling that if I had not been there, the Minister would have said to him 
“how stupid can you be?!”  to put an end to the matter.

 As for the man sitting across from me, he remained quite composed, 
perhaps on orders from the head policeman.  However, his demeanor 
changed to one of  rage and hatred in some relation to Ziya’s photo with 
the “beret”, wondering how a father could allow a son to be involved in 
such libidinousness.  Consequently, I felt the need to offer an 
explanation to calm their concerns but the Minister intervened to scold 
them all about the time being wasted on looking at the photographs. 

At this point, three bearers entered the room carrying sacks and Hüseyin 
Daim Bey and the Central Police Chief Hüseyin, who I had seen the night 
before, focused on these sacks.  The bearers had come from the Sirkeci 
train station so I wondered why these two fellows were so interested in 
the sacks.   As the Minister and the head policeman came into the room, 
they whispered something in their ears.  The Minister’s face registered 
surprise, whereas the head policeman’s reflected a wry smile.  Finally, 
the Minister said to me: “they have brought your papers and drawings.  
There’s probably no need, but since they are here let’s look them over. 
We’ll send the ones in French, German and Engish to those who know 
those languages.”

In response, I said: “I don’t understand.  One of the fellows who came 
with us last night, Williams, is English and he certainly knows his own 
language and probably has a familiarity with German and French, too.  
These papers are this year’s picture and I planned to publish them in a 
series.  They saw them in my home last night and could have brought 
the books already bound from previous years, rather than bringing these 
loose papers.  Every day such pictures are brought on the train and 
distributed freely by post, so is it just because these were found in my 
home thaat they’re so important?  If there was anything mischievous 
about them I would have kept them secretly somewhere.  Only my son 
and I are aware of the contents but they are no different than those seen 
by thousands of people in casinos, restaurants and beer joints.  So why 
are they not gathered up for investigation, while those in my house are?  
Of course, if this is the wish of the government, I submit to these wishes 
voluntarily because I cannot do otherwise.”

//END of PART TWO, section six//