türkçe links to original Turkish article
(Milliyet Newspaper, 3 June 2020)
Alemdar click here for the story of another Turkish ship
involved in transporting weapons and ammunition -
among its many other duties - from Russia to Turkey
from 1921 to 1923.
On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the establishment of
diplomatic relations between the Russian Federation and Turkey,
the Russian Consulate General in Istanbul has published previously
unknown archival documents and photographs that shine a light on
relations between Soviet Russia and the nascent Turkish Republic
during Turkey's War of Independence.
Among the documents is one dated 24 August 1920 from the Lenin-
led Soviet government to the Turkish Grand National Assembly
government, headed by Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), concerning 10
million gold rubles (1.25 million Ottoman gold pieces) sent by
Russia to Turkey as aid. And there is a photograph dated 7
November 1920 showing the opening of the Russian Embassy in
Ankara, the only diplomatic representation there at the time.
Semyon İvanovich Aralov (with cane next to Atatürk),
appointed as the first Soviet ambassador to Turkey on 28
January 1922, with Atatürk at Afyon in late March 1922.
Another document not seen before and dated 2 September 1920,
prior to the Moscow Friendship Agreement being signed, concerns
the first gold ingots - 200.6 kilograms - delivered as aid by Russia
to the Turkish side in Erzurum.
There are also documents about Russian arms deliveries to Turkey.
One, dated 23 September 1920, concerns the first weapons shipped
via the Black Sea from Tuapse to Trabzon and over the course of the
Fall of 1920 6,000 rifles, 5 million bullets, 17,600 cannonballs were
sent. In 1921, Russia provided more than 33,000 rifles, 327 machine
guns, 54 cannon, 58 million shells and 130,000 pieces of other
ammunition for Turkey's independence war effort.
The aid to Turkey by Russia was described as follows: "During that
same year (1921) Russia gave the Turkish Navy two 14-ton gunboats
named 'Jivoy' and 'Jutkiy'. In addition, in 1920 the Turkish ship
'Hayrettin Reis' and the 'Preveze' gunboat sought refuge from the
pursuing French and English fleets at Novorossiysk, as did the ship
'Şahin'. The 150 crew members from these ships were given food
at the port by the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, for which Mustafa Kemal
sent a telegraph of thanks.
//Ed. note: the two gunboats mentioned were re-named
'No.1' and 'No.2' by the Turks, and had to be towed back
to Novorossiysk by the Alemdar in November 1921 for
repairs.//
In April and November 1921 Russia sent 6.5 million gold rubles
to Ankara and in May 1922 another 3.5 million gold rubles, in
accordance with the two countries' agreement for total Russian aid
to Turkey amounting to 10 million gold rubles."
The Atatürk Memorial in Taksim Square,
Istanbul. To the right of Atatürk are Soviet Generals
Mihail Frunze and Kliment Voroshilov.
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