criticisms of the Butiniger maps, as he gets rather deeply
into geographical nitty-gritty, but all in the cause of
pinpointing the Bevara (Al Buwarah) salt deposit.
An inscription on an Assyrian artifact relating to Assyrian
King Adadnirari III, found at Saba near Bevara/Al
Buwarah is also explained in the article.
The author of the article, Dr. Unger, may be German by
birth, based on some clues in his footnotes. Hence, the
original article may have been translated into Ottoman
Turkish from German.//
The stela found at Saba relating to King
Adadnirari III is now in the Istanbul
Archeology Museum.
Nisibis is today's Nusaybin. These last two names were written twice
(1). On the map of the Euphrates River, which begins at Tigubis, two
parallel rivers are shown with canals between them. On the northern
portion, the Tigris River is north of Elhatıra and on the left side of the
other river that goes to Babil, there is a road.
There is another road shown that goes northeast from Alayna city, with
interruptions, to Lacus Berberatsi (Bevara). The first portion of the road
is shown with a proportion of 20 but there is no number given for the
second portion. Similarly, there is no proportion shown for the distance
from Alayna to Seyrgura, which is located below the river. If we
suppose that Seyrgura is the ancient "Circesium" (in the Assyrian
language it is "Sirqu"), then Alayna is located in the vicinity of Deir ez
Zor. The road east of Lacus Beberatisi ends at the plain. This lake bed
is not a transit station but, rather, a salt deposit. The acute angle of the
road from the northwest, from Edessa (Urfa), confirms this supposition.
The first two locations on the second road, which includes Edessa
(Urfa), Charra (Harran), Fons Scabore, Birrali, Thalhaba and Thubida,
are known. If Thalaba, shown southeast of Talaban and Cebel-i
Abdülaziz, is correcttly placed, then the road that is shown going from
Edessa (Urfa) to Lacus Beberatisi (Bevara) is a bit below where it is
shown on Kiepert's map and this is where one would fined the Bevara
salt deposit. The 145 proportion given for the road that goes from Charra
(Harran) to Beberatisi (Bevara/Al Buwarah) is too short. The road in
Roman miles is equal to 215 kilometers in length.
Bevara/Al Buwarah salt deposit is on the Iraq-Syria border,
due south of Nusaybin, on the Turkish border, and east
of Deir ez Zor and Mayadin (left side of map in Syria).
Lacus Beberatisi's location, in other words Bevara salt deposit's
location, is directly south of Nusaybin. To the northeast is Sinjar
Mountain. Hatıra, otherwise known as Elhatıra, is mistakenly shown
on Butiniger's map as being located southeast of Lacus Beberatisi.
But the Elhatıra ruins are situated northeast of the Bevara salt deposit.
Bevara (Al Bawarah) and Lacus Beberatisi are one and the same. The
Saba salt deposit had previously been unknown. It was discovered
six months after Bevara was taken into the Düyun-u Umumiye account
(State public debt commission, whose purview included the sale of salt
to pay off Ottoman state debt). Saba is 9 hours southeast of Bevara and
the salt deposit/swamp called Kiyabe, on the banks of the Euphrates
River, is 4 hours to its west (Logutatidis). There is no complete depiction
of Saba.
(1) Miller. a.a.o., s. 113.
Map shows the Assyrian Empire shortly after the time of King
Adednirari III.
Along the ancient road that goes from Bevara to Saba, an Assyrian
'stela' (an upright stone or column with an inscription) was found and
some helpful information has been obtained from it. The 'stela' was in
two pieces when it was found in 1905 near Saba on the slope of a sand
dune and it has a raised inscription on it, which relates to Assyrian King
Adadnirari III. King Adadnirari ruled from 811 to 783 B.C. and the
inscription pays fealty to gods whose likenesses and symbols are depicted.
This inscription was mentioned in the number 2 publication of the Müze-i
Hümayun in 1916. (1)
The historic inscription relates that because King Adadnirari was quite
young when he took the throne he could not administer his duties so his
mother Semiramis's son assumed these duties for five years in his stead.
The name of the place where the 'stela' was situated was written on the
inscription as "Zabanni". If we compare this name with Saba then it
can be likened to Saba's ancient name Shaba, which is the same as that
of a tribe that lived to the northwest of Rava in Assyrian times -
consistent with the 9th century B.C. when the King lived.
(1) “Publikationen der Kais. Osmanischen Museen", Heft II.
9 November 1916 Doctor Unger, History Teacher
//END of PART III/FINAL//
//END of PART III/FINAL//
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