Some number of the Russian Moslem Turks conscripted into the
Russian Army ended up fighting Czarist Russia's ally England in
what is today Iraq and Syria, as members of the 'Asya Taburu'
(Asia Battalion) of the Ottoman Army, thanks to a German-Ottoman
plan to transform captured Russian Moslem Turks into jihadists.
At the conclusion of the war, though, many of these former POWs
went back to Russia, which was then in the throes of its civil war.
Upon their departure from Istanbul, the returning Russian Moslem
Turks were warned by their brethren living in Istanbul to shun the
two warring Russian sides and, instead, head to the Volga basin to
establish a homeland:
Returning to Russia click here for a related
TNT report.
As for Enver Paşa, as the end of WW1 neared he fled Turkey for
Germany, ending up in Central Asia as leader of the anti-Russian
'Basmachi' movement. In May 1922, Enver Paşa sent an ultimatum
to Russian leader Trotsky but by August, Enver Paşa was dead.
Enver Paşa Ultimatum to Trotsky click here
for the related TNT report.
Basmachi - Russian negotiations (1921)
Returning back now to 1916, this article in 'Türk Yurdu' dated
October of that year, reflected - to the extent that Russian
censoring allowed - the ongoing tension between Russia
and the Central Asian rebels at that time:
Our colleague "Tasvir-i efkâr" (enlightener) has provided this news
about this matter, which we have mentioned a number of times in
'Türk Yurdu':
"When the Russian government extended compulsory military
service to the Moslems of the Caucasus and Turkistan, the people
there rebelled and General (Aleksey) Kuropatkin was appointed
as governor-general. Turkish-language newspapers in the region
have provided the following information, partially censored by
the Russians:
"Açık Söz" (Open Word) newspaper in Baku:
"We provided details in our August issue quoting "Söz" (The Word)
newspaper, published in Moscow, about the situation relating to the
Czar's decree and Kyrgyz people being conscripted into the army.
But these details were expunged by the censors. Nevertheless, we
saw these same details in the 10 August issue of "Yeni İqbal" (New
Prosperity) newspaper so we are publishing them again with the
hope that the sensors won't block it:"
"Kyrgyz who read the Czar's decree, which was published in both
Russian and Kyrgyz, met the news with amazement that then
prompted anxiety. In order to understand the degree of the Kyrgyz'
concern and dismay about the decree, we are providing the following
information:"
"Following publication of the decree of the Czar a large meeting was
convened at Çoban Ağaç to decide what action should be taken. But
since a 70-strong contingent of Russian cavalrymen accompanied the
Russian governor's entourage during the discussions, the reading of
the decree was greeted with a tumultuous outcry by the Kyrgyz."
"Meanwhile, in Göktirek, the Russian government invited the Kyrgyz
to sell horses and many of the Kyrgyz brought horses for sale. However,
when the Russians demanded a saddle for each horse and a Kyrgyz
groom, as well, the Kyrgyz responded by saying "we came to sell
horses, not to give away our men!" and departed."
"The Kyrgyz at Ayagöz similarly rebelled and it is said that the Semi
Kazakhs received harsh treatment from the Russians. After providing
this news, the "Söz" correspondent summarized the Kazakh attitude
as follows: "We servants of God and members of the Prophet's nation
prefer to die here rather than on some battlefield. We'll either die here
or we'll go as far away as China to die!"
"According to a report in the "Kazak" newspaper, when the decree about
Kyrgyz being conscripted into the army was heard meetings were
held in various cities in Ejderhan province. In response, the Ejderhan
governor went to Han İstafkası and arranged an assembly, which was
attended by former Duma chief Bahis Giray Mirzaklamanoğlu, and
proposals were presented to the governor. But when no firm response
from the governor was forthcoming, the Kyrgyz sent a special envoy
to St. Petersburg to attain their demands."
//END of PART TWO/FINAL//
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