7 Ekim 2020 Çarşamba

TNT History Archives: Italian Invasion of Ottoman Rhodes (May 1912)/PART V/FINAL

 //Ed. note: at the conclusion of his report, Italian
Capt. I. Revol  had some surprisingly frank 
comments on the deceptively easy Italian victory,
enabled by a poor performance by the Turks and
the support of the Greek populace of Rhodes.//            


                                                                 



                                     


















                                                Critique

This operation is one of the best examples of the Turkish-Italian War 
and one that gives honor to the commander who designed and arranged  
it, as well as  to the units that implemented it.  In light of this level of 
perfect success, one would think that there would be nothing left to say.  
So shouldn’t  such a victory be attributed to all the measures and 
arrangements taken by he who designed the operation?

Nevertheless, in large measure, one must accept that this victory can be 
attributed to the state and position of the Turkish units, the fact that 
they showed no ability to attack and, as of 4 May, their rapid 
disintegration, for which there is much evidence.  General Ameglio 
essentially was a shepherd easily gathering up a herd of sheep.  The 
Turks gave in to their fears and superstitions and cowered among 
themselves, finding salvation only in confused flight.

In the event that General Ameglio’s three columns had confronted a 
genuine enemy detachment, they may very well have found themselves 
in a difficult and dangerous situation and may even have been defeated 
before they were able to join up together.  Such a situation would have 
been a classic application of ‘iç hat’ (interior lines) fundamentals and 
foundations.  

Had the Turks acted opposite of the inaction they displayed, it would 
have been sufficient for them to have put a few brave and bold soldiers 
as far ahead as possible on the roads leading to Psithos to get timely 
information on the Italians’ advance and to stop them during the night.  
And while the Bersagliye and Alp units were preparing to land at 
Malona and Kalavarda, a few Turkish rifle shots may very well have 
prevented these columns from successfully meeting up, as they 
eventually did.

But the Italians’ luck was not limited to just the Turks’ complete failure 
to act.  At the same time, the local Greek population provided the 
Italians with whatever assistance they needed.  The fishermen along 
the shore helped the units as they made landing and the local Greeks in 
the interior guided the three Italian columns along those very difficult 
roads. 

Only this amount of favorable circumstances could have enabled the 
Alp units, somewhat confused and green, but nevertheless well-trained, 
to emerge with a victory. 

The battle that followed the night march was more violent than can be 
imagined.  The Italian casualties constitute evidence of this opinion.  
The losses suffered by the Turks were more severe and significant 
because they were fighting out in the open.  The Turks were more 
concerned with saving their own lives than with honor and glory.  
Nonetheless, despite this self-preservation attitude by the Turks, they 
still suffered dead and wounded of more than 100, which was about 
10 percent of their force.  The Turks lost 83 dead and only 26 wounded, 
which is quite meaningful in this context.

In summary, the activity that took place on the island of Rhodes gives a 
clear picture of the state of the Gençtürk Army at that time.  Certainly, 
this activity was observed with great interest  by the Serbs, Greeks and 
Bulgarians, with regard to the actions they were contemplating for the 
near future, in that they saw definite opportunities and incentives which 
gave them more strength and boldness than they could have foreseen, 
vis-a-vis the Turks.

//END of PART FIVE/FINAL//

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